Binary and relational opertors

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Binary and relational operators

Some "math" symbols are obtained by typing the corresponding keyboard character. Examples include

    + - = < >

Note: plus, minus, and equal sign may be used in either text or math mode, but < and > are math mode only (they produce inverted exclamation and question marks, respectively, in text mode).

The following commands may be used only in math mode.

\pm - plus or minus sign
\mp - minus or plus sign
\times - times (an "x")
\div - divided by sign
\ast - an asterisk (centered)
\star - a five-point star (centered)
\bullet - a bullet
\circ - an open bullet
\cdot - a centered dot (see also, \cdots)

\leq - less than or equal to
\ll - much less than
\subset - is a subset of
\geq - greater than or equal to
\gg - much greater than
\equiv - equivalence symbol
\sim - similar to
\simeq - similar or equal to
\approx - approximately equal to
\neq - not equal to
\per - "perpendicular to" symbols
\propto - proportional to

Note that "greater than" and "less than" are obtained simply by entering > and <.

A slash, indicating "not" can be placed through a symbol (or a letter) with the \not command. For example, not less than is

    \not<

and not less than or equal to is

    \not\leq

If the slash isn't properly positioned it can be moved by putting a math mode spacing command between the \not and the symbol.